<p>Dayton&#39;s Corners School is a one-room school building in the town of Penfield, New York. Erected in 1857, it sits at the corner of Plank Road and Creek Street and was part of Penfield District #9. It is the only one-room school house in the area that is still standing and has not been converted to some other use.</p><br>
<p>The building was part of the Webster Central School District between 1948 and 1991, although it was only used as a schoolhouse until the early 1960s. The building has been maintained by Penfield&#39;s recreation department since 1976; it was purchased by the town in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The original school grounds are adjacent to the school building. The school and its grounds are used by fourth-grade teachers in the Penfield Central School District and other local school districts as part of the state-mandated local history curriculum.</p><br>
<p>The red brick building was designated a Penfield Landmark in 1983 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 2001.</p><br>
<p>A coloring book called "A Day at Daytons Corners" was created in 2010 as part of the town of Penfields bicentennial celebrations.</p><br>
<p>The Tracy House also known as the Bill and Elizabeth Tracy House is a Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Usonian Automatic home that was constructed in Normandy Park, Washington, a suburb near Seattle, in 1956.</p><br>
<p>The house, like other Wright-designed Usonian automatics, is composed of concrete blocks that is broken up by glass and redwood plywood. The Tracy House is 1,150 ft&sup2; and has three bedrooms and one bathroom as well as a two-car garage; the lot itself is 31,000 ft&sup2; and faces the Puget Sound.</p><br>
<p>The Tracy House was built for Bill and Elizabeth Tracy, who occupied it until the latter&#39;s death in 2012; the property was listed on the real estate market for the first time at a price of $950,000.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, Seattle Met named it one of the ten greatest homes in the Seattle area.</p><br>
<p>The A. P. Johnson House, also known as Campbell Residence, is a Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Prairie School home that was constructed in Delavan, Wisconsin, USA, in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson house sits on a 6-acre lot on the south shore of Lake Delavan, on a small wooded hill with a view of the water. Wright designed it as he was shifting from more classical designs to fully developed Prairie style like the 1906 Robie House.</p><br>
<p>Characteristic elements of Prairie Style are the low-pitched hip roofs with wide eaves, the raised central mass, bands of casement windows, and horizontal siding. One-story porches extend from each end parallel to the lake, like wings of the house. The windows contain leaded colored glass, in a decorative pattern that repeats. The house is clad in horizontal tongue-and-groove wood siding, which Wright often used on small cottages. The roof was originally covered with wood shingles, but they have been replaced with asphalt.</p><br>
<p>The interior included a large central living area with dining room, living room and study more or less open to each other. A large fireplace of Roman brick heats the living room. (The house was originally heated only by its fireplaces.) Bedrooms are upstairs. Much of the interior was updated from 1980 to 1982, but the exterior is little changed from 1905.</p><br>
<p>Wright intended that the exterior of the house be finished in a dark natural color, but the house was instead painted white. William Storrer writes: It is said that when Wright, approaching on horseback via the dirt driveway to supervise final stages of work on this Prairie style tongue-and-groove-sided house, saw it painted white, he rode away, never to return.</p><br>
<p>The Fred B. Jones House is part of an estate called Penwern in Delavan, Wisconsin, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and constructed from 1900 to 1903. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Fred Jones was a Chicago bachelor-businessman who had this estate on Lake Delavan built as a weekend cottage and a place to throw summer parties. Wright designed all the buildings, each different. They were built while Wrights ideas were developing, and though the buildings fit nicely into their natural surroundings and emphasize the horizontal, they lack the flat roofs and lines that we now think of as Wrights Prairie Style.</p><br>
<p>The boathouse was built first, in 1900, with rising ridgepoles and flaring eaves that suggest Japanese architecture more overtly than most of Wright&#39;s designs. The main house was built in 1901, with gable roofs, a living room facing the lake, and broad arches, one over a porte-cochère. The gatehouse was built in 1903, with a gable roof, two Gothic-like dormers, and a two-story tower to which the men could retreat for late-night poker. The stable was also built in 1903, a gable-roofed building whose design looks more Wrightian than like a Wisconsin barn.</p><br>
<p>The name "Penwern" may have come from the farm of Wright&#39;s grandmother back in Wales.</p><br>
<p>The boathouse burned in 1978, but was reconstructed around 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Acres, also known as Galesburg Country Homes, is a naturalistic residential plat designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Charleston Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1947, a group of scientists from the Upjohn pharmaceutical company purchased this section of land to cooperatively build a community of homes. The group approached Frank Lloyd Wright about designing the subdivision, and he visited that same year, walking the land to gather information. Wright laid out lots in a non-conventional circular pattern, with the interstitial areas to be held in common. Starting in the late 1940s and continuing through 1960, five of the lots were developed — four with designs by Wright and one designed by Taliesin School fellow Francis "Will" Willsey. With the fifth house, coop members decided that they liked the result, and further development came to an end.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Acres consists of 21 1 acre circular lots, each 114 feet in diameter. The plat was designed to have 50 acres of open land for community use that also included a three-acre pond. Seven of the lots are owned; only five of these contain houses. The remainder of the plat, including unbuilt lots, is held in common. Of the five houses, four are Wright-designed Usonian homes, and the fifth was designed by Taliesin School fellow Francis "Will" Willsey. The homes are located on Hawthorne Drive, a narrow and curving road bordered alternately by heavy woods, low scrub growth, and open areas. A signpost is located at the entrance to the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Homes in the Acres are:</p><br>
<p>David and Christine Weisblat Residence (Frank Lloyd Wright): Long in-line house with an exterior of concrete block and mahogany, built in 1951.</p><br>
<p>Eric and Pat Pratt Residence (Frank Lloyd Wright): Long in-line house with a taller central mass with an exterior of concrete block and mahogany, built in 1950–54.</p><br>
<p>Samuel and Dorothy Eppstein Residence (Frank Lloyd Wright): Long in-line house with an exterior of concrete block and mahogany, built in 1950–59.</p><br>
<p>Curtis and Lillian Meyer Residence (Frank Lloyd Wright): A "solar hemicycle" design, with exterior of concrete block and mahogany, built in 1950–51.</p><br>
<p>Günther and Anne Fonken House (Francis "Will" Willsey): T-shaped house with a low pitched roof, built in 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. G.C. Stockman House  was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1908 for Dr. George C. and Eleanor Stockman in Mason City, Iowa. The home was originally located at 311 1st St. SE, but was moved to 530 1st St.  NE to avoid demolition. It has been fully restored as a public museum and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It features numerous authentic period furnishings and reproduction pieces.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1907, Frank Lloyd Wright was commissioned to design a mixed-use building for Mason City attorneys, James E.E. Markley and James E. Blythe. Construction on what became known as the Park Inn Hotel and City National Bank Building did not begin until April 1909, but Wright made many visits to the site during the 1907&ndash;1908 design period. While on one of these visits in 1908, Wright was contracted by Markley&#39;s neighbor George Stockman and his artist wife Eleanor to design a house on a small lot within blocks of his hotel and bank project.</p><br>
<p>For the design of the Stockman House, Wright adapted a plan he had published in the Ladies Home Journal in 1907. Titled "A Fireproof House for $5000," it re-envisioned Wrights Prairie Style in a smaller, more compact dwelling that was more affordable for a family of medium income.</p><br>
<p>The Stockman House was Wright&#39;s third constructed version of the "Fireproof House" after completing both Tan-Y-Deri (the Andrew T. Porter House) and the Stephen M. B. Hunt House I in 1907.</p><br>
<p>Stockman owned the house until 1924, after which the house passed through at least six owners, including one who used it for a photography studio. Although the house became dilapidated, very few alterations were ever made. Following the death of the final occupant in 1987, the house was put up at auction. The only bidder was the neighboring First United Methodist Church, which desired the land for a parking lot. The offer was below the minimum bid and hence rejected. Subsequently, a group of Mason City volunteers formed the River City Society for Historic Preservation in hopes of saving the house. Local inventor and entrepreneur, David Murphy (1918–1999), stepped in to satisfy both groups by donating an additional $20,000 to towards the Methodist Church&#39;s purchase under the agreement that the Stockman House would be donated to the city instead of being demolished.</p><br>
<p>Ownership was transferred to the River City Society, and two years later the house was moved roughly two blocks east and two blocks north to its present location at the end of 1st St. NE. The restoration that followed included a new roof, repair of exterior stucco and interior plaster, new wiring and plumbing, and refurbishing of most other finishes inside and out. Original materials and architectural integrity were maintained as much as possible, but in some cases the Society substituted less costly, modern products for missing or damaged material. For instance, the roof was resurfaced in asphalt shingles instead of replicating the long-removed oak shingles.</p><br>
<p>The Stockman house was opened to the public in 1992 upon the completion of most restoration work. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in the same year. After four years of design and fund raising, the River City Society for Historic Preservation broke ground in September 2009 for the Mason City Architectural Interpretive Center to replace a non-historical duplex apartment to the north of the house. The building, which contains an auditorium and gallery space, is loosely based on a design by Prairie School architect Walter Burley Griffin. This learning and research facility opened in May 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Like the other known instances of the "Fireproof House" &mdash; including the Hunt House I (1907) and Zeigler House (1909) &mdash; the Stockman House was constructed with slight variations from the original design. For instance, the entrance was enlarged, the specified entrance trellis was exchanged for a cantilevered roof, a covered veranda (now enclosed) was adjoined to the north side, and the flat roof was replaced by a shallow hip roof.</p><br>
<p>While almost all original furnishings were lost as the house transferred owners, three built-in bookcases and a dining room sideboard remain. The house is now furnished with period Arts and Crafts furniture &mdash; many designed by Gustav Stickley &mdash; oriental rugs, and a few Frank Lloyd Wright originals and reproductions. Among the latter are gold and white china from the 1922 Imperial Hotel and a dresser which was crafted from Wright drawings.</p><br>
<p>The A. D. German Warehouse is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Mayan Revival warehouse that was constructed in Richland Center, Wisconsin in 1921. Wright was born in Richland Center in 1867. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The design of the warehouse resulted from a required bill payment to Albert Delvino German by Wright. Designed as a warehouse for "storing and selling wholesale goods" the space was to include a "teahouse restaurant, retail shops, and an art gallery." Construction on the building began in 1917 with completion in 1921. Facing one of the main streets in Richland Center, the building is mostly concrete, veneered in brick with a Mayan-inspired concrete frieze "derived from masks of the rain-god Chac".</p><br>
<p>The building exceeded its original construction estimate and later housed a gift shop, tearoom, art gallery and the Frank Lloyd Wright Museum under then-owner Harvey Glazner. Glazner, who died in March 2011, had kept the lower floor of the building as the shop and Frank Lloyd Wright Museum, but the building was not consistently open to the public.</p><br>
<p>In November 2015, the A.D. German Warehouse Conservancy (ADGWC) retained the services of Isthmus Architecture, Inc., preservation specialists from Madison, Wisconsin. A condition assessment was performed and preservation plan was created for the building in 2017.</p><br>
<p>Tours of the building are available May–October by appointment through the ADGWC.</p><br>
<p>The Archie Teater Studio, also known as Teaters Knoll, is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Usonian home and art studio that was commission in 1952 with construction in Bliss, Idaho completed in 1957. The client, Archie Boyd Teater, was an American landscape and genre artist. The Teater Studio uses Oakley Stone in both the exterior and interior of the building. Original construction was supervised by Edmond Thomas "Tom" Casey, an apprentice in Wrights Taliesin Fellowship. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Current occupants of the studio are Lynn Fawcett, who grew up in the Wright designed Randall Fawcett House, and her husband, Henry Whiting II (an architectural writer). The two consulted with Tom Casey in the restoration and expansion of the building. Their work began in the 1980s and was completed the next decade.</p><br>
<p>The Richard C. Smith House is a small Usonian home designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and constructed in Jefferson, Wisconsin in 1950. It is one of Wright&#39;s diamond module homes, a form he used in the Patrick and Margaret Kinney House, the E. Clarke and Julia Arnold House and a number of other homes he designed in the late 1940s and early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The house is one-story, with an h-shaped floor plan composed of diamond-shaped units, where the bottom legs of the h enclose a private terrace around a huge old oak. The north side of the house toward the road is mostly coursed limestone, giving privacy, and left rough to suggest a natural outcropping. The south side, facing the terrace and golf course, has many windows. The diamond element repeats throughout, in piercings in the eaves and in the drawers in the bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>Wright seems to have started the design at the huge oak which was already on the lot. His blueprints show that he drew an imaginary triangle around the tree, then oriented the diamonds, terrace and house around it.</p><br>
<p>The house was a mixed success. The flat roof leaked. The house was either too hot or too cold. The oak tree withered after Wright paved over its roots. The house cost almost twice what Wright had estimated. Yet the NRHP nomination concludes: "The Smith House is no pale imitation of earlier Usonian or Prairie School houses. It is the result of a natural and vital design evolution still underway in the mind of one of the world&#39;s greatest architects."</p><br>
<p>Highland Hose No. 4 is located in Kearny, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The firehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1987. The firehouse was constructed in 1894 to be used by Highland Hose No. 4. The firehouse is currently used as a meeting hall for the Firemen&#39;s Mutual Benevolent Association. Locals refer to the building as "The Exempts".</p><br>
<p>The East Martinsburg Historic District is associated with the growth of Martinsburg, West Virginia during the 1850s, when the development of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad brought German and Irish settlers to the area. The district includes areas known as Buena Vista, Chevally City, St. Vincent, Hooges Addition, Smalls Addition, Carvers Addition, Mohlers Addition, Strinesville and East Strinesville.</p><br>
<p>The oldest sections of the district have concentrations of pre-Civil War buildings in the Greek Revival style, while later sections include Gothic Revival, Queen Anne and Classical Revival buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore and Ohio Related Industries Historic District comprises a portion of Martinsburg, West Virginia to either side of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line as it runs through the city. The district includes the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops, a National Historic Landmark, and a variety of industrial and commercial concerns that depended on the railroad.</p><br>
<p>Along with buildings, the district includes the infrastructure associated with the building of the railroad in an urbanizing environment, such as the channelizing of Tuscarora Creek and a variety of culverts, underpasses and retaining walls. Significant buildings include, apart from the roundhouse/shop complex, the B. & O. Railroad station and hotel. Industrial buildings include coal yards, a plaster mill, feed mills, a distillery and other manufacturing facilities.</p><br>
<p>The Baldwin-Grantham House, also known as Locust Grove and Shanghai House, was built in 1749 in Shanghai, West Virginia, in the Back Creek district of Berkeley County. The earliest portion of the house is a log cabin built in 1749 by Frances Baldwin. Frances and his wife Sarah lived there until 1790, when they sold the property to Joseph Grantham and Jacob Fry. William Grantham inherited the land from his father and circa 1820 built a brick kitchen addition onto the cabin, which now forms the middle part of the house.</p><br>
<p>William died in 1838 and his son Moses took over the farm, which he called Locust Grove. In 1849 Moses built the two-story front portion of the house. Moses Grantham went on to acquire extensive property holdings around Berkeley County, including Grantham Hall on the square in downtown Martinsburg. He served two terms in the Virginia Senate and one term in the West Virginia Senate.</p><br>
<p>The log portion of the house is 1½ stories with a large stone chimney and a single room. The logs are exposed, although they once were sided. The interior is faced with beaded tongue and groove paneling, dating to circa 1920. The brick addition is connected by a small dog-trot breezeway, about 4 ft wide. The addition is two stories high, with a two-story porch on the south side. The interior is plastered. The 1849 portion of the house is the present front, a two-story five-bay structure with elements of the Federal style and Greek Revival style. An entrance portico has been removed, but traces remain. The interior is a central hall layout with a parlor and a dining room to either side. Two bedrooms flank the hall upstairs. Finishes are painted plaster walls and ceilings with simple wood moldings.</p><br>
<p>The Baldwin-Grantham House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Kress Building, also known as Kress Wholesale Company Store and Mehornay Furniture Store, is a historic commercial building located in downtown Columbia, Missouri. It was built in 1910 for the S. H. Kress & Co., and remodeled in 1946 when it became Mehornay Furniture. It is a tall two-story, brick building with an open storefront topped by horizontal metal banding, that consists of large plate glass windows.</p><br>
<p>It operated as a furniture store from 1946 until 1979-80. It was again renovated in 2005. Post-renovation it became the home of the Penguin Piano Bar in 2005 on the ground floor and Roxy’s in 2015 on the 2nd floor. Both went out of business in 2020 due to the closures during the covid-19 pandemic.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The McCain Furniture Store Building is a historic commercial building located in downtown Columbia, Missouri. It was built about 1930 for the S. H. Kress & Co., and remodeled in 1951. It is a two-story, brick building with a simple stepped parapet. Though it has hosted a variety of businesses since the closing of the original store, today it holds Plasma Biological Services.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It is located in the North Village Arts District.</p><br>
<p>Bonds Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as Bonds Chapel, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church located near Hartsburg, Missouri. It was built in 1883–1884, and is a simple rectangular frame building, set on piers composed of creek rock and mortar. It measures 24 feet by 33 feet and has a front gable roof and vestibule.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Latrobe Gate  is a historic gatehouse located at the Washington Navy Yard in Southeast Washington, D.C. Built in 1806 and substantially altered in 1881, the ceremonial entrance to the USA Navys oldest shore establishment is an example of Greek Revival and Italianate architecture. It was designed by the second Architect of the Capitol Benjamin Henry Latrobe, whose works include St. Johns Episcopal Church, the Baltimore Basilica, and the United States Capitol. The Latrobe Gate is one of the nations oldest extant examples of Greek Revival architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973, and is a contributing property to the Washington Navy Yards status as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Navy Yard was established by an Act of Congress on July 23, 1799. Three years later, President Thomas Jefferson chose Latrobe to design a dry dock and ship repair facility for what was to become an active and strategically located naval yard. Although Congress rejected Latrobes building plans, the architect was designated "Engineer of the Navy Department" in 1804. Plans for the Main Gate were approved by Secretary of the Navy Robert Smith in 1805, and construction lasted from that year until 1806. Latrobes Greek Revival design was considered daring and thus criticized by traditionalist architects. William Thornton, the first Architect of the Capitol, described the gate as a "monument to bad taste and design". Thornton predicted that "not until extinction of time will such an arch ever be made again", but the Greek Revival style became popular with 19th-century American architects. The style was considered symbolic of the young nation&#39;s democracy, a political system that originated in Ancient Greece.</p><br>
<p>During the War of 1812, Washington, D.C., was invaded by British forces. The Navy Yard was a primary target during the attack, and was burned along with much of the city in 1814. The gate was one of only three structures at the Navy Yard not destroyed during the fire.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, a Marine barracks was constructed around and over the Main Gate. The brick, Italianate structure is two stories high above the gate and three stories high on each side of the gate. It is the oldest continuously manned Marine guardhouse in the United States. It is located four blocks south of the Marine Barracks Washington. The Marines manning the Latrobe Gate are responsible for raising and lowering the American flag outside the Chief of Naval Operations (CNOs) house.</p><br>
<p>The Daisy Flour Mill is a restaurant and assembly hall located in what was once a flour mill on Irondequoit Creek. It is located on Blossom Road in the town of Penfield, New York, just across the creek from Ellison Park. Originally built in 1840, it is the last remaining mill on Irondequoit Creek.</p><br>
<p>The weatherboard building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 26, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Jay Estate is a 23-acre park and historic site in Rye, New York, with the 1838 Peter Augustus Jay House at its center. It is the keystone of the Boston Post Road Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District  created in 1993. The site is the surviving remnant of the 400 acre farm where US Founding Father, John Jay , grew up. It is also the place where Jay returned to celebrate the end of the American Revolutionary War, after he negotiated the 1783 Treaty of Paris with fellow peacemakers John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.</p><br>
<p>The preserved property is located on the south side of the Boston Post Road (US 1) and has a 3/4 mile view of Milton Harbor.</p><br>
<p>The Jay Estate is a recognized historical resource. It is part of a 10,000+ year old Indigenous peoples archaeological site and overlooks the oldest man-managed meadow on record in New York State. It is a significant African American Heritage Trail site. The Jay Estate is also one of a select few national landmarks devoted to education about the seven Founding Fathers including Washingtons Mount Vernon, Jeffersons Monticello, Hamiltons The Grange, Madisons Montpelier and Jay&#39;s retirement home the John Jay Homestead.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership and stewardship</h2><br>
<p>The Jay Estate has 3 discrete owners:New York State Parks, Westchester County and the Jay Heritage Center. New York State Parks (90%) and Westchester County (10%) own a 21.5 acre parcel known as the "Jay Property" as tenants in common while the non-profit Jay Heritage Center (JHC) owns 1.5 acres outright including the Jay Mansion and the 1907 Van Norden Carriage House. A 2013 public-private partnership and agreement awarded stewardship of the State and County&#39;s 21.5 acres, including preservation, restoration and interpretation to the Jay Heritage Center (JHC). Under the operating agreement, JHC receives no funds from New York State, Westchester County or the City of Rye. All monies for improvements are raised through individual donations, corporate gifts and grants. Because of the significance of the site, all preservation work is done with adherence to the standards of the Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>The Jay Estate is located adjacent to the Marshlands Conservancy, a completely separate nature preserve owned and operated 100% by Westchester County Parks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Indigenous peoples settlement site</h3><br>
<p>As a component of the Boston Post Road Historic District, the Jay Estate has been further recognized as an archaeologically significant area. There are known affiliations with Middle Woodland, Late Woodland, Late Archaic and periods of historic significance of 3000-4999 BC, 1000-2999 BC, 1499-1000 AD, 1749-1500 AD, 1825-1849, and 1850-1874.</p><br>
<h3>Childhood Home of John Jay</h3><br>
<p>Of Americas seven most notable Founding Fathers - George Washington, John Adams, Jay, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison - Jay alone was born in what would become the settler-colonial territory of New York State. He was raised in Rye from 3 months at what he called the "Family Seat" a 400 acre farm later named "The Locusts" overlooking Long Island Sound. The property had been first leased then purchased by his father Peter from Rye settler John Budd before Jays birth.</p><br>
<p>Jay was home schooled by his mother Mary until 8 years old. He had three siblings with disabilities who lived there as well - Augustus who suffered from learning disabilities and Anna and Peter who were both blind. Two other siblings, an older sister Eve and a younger brother Frederick also occupied the house. The estate at this time was also home to 8 enslaved people according to a 1755 New York State Census; remnants of what appears to have been an enslaved person&#39;s dwelling were discovered in August 2017. Based on archival drawings, the core property at that time had several smaller outbuildings including an ice house, stable, smokehouse and additional dwellings clustered around the main house including a still extant farmhouse that dates to the mid 1760s. Numerous wells provided water on the property along with two other freshwater sources known as the East Stream and West Creek. Crops included potatoes.</p><br>
<p>At 14 years old, Jay went to New York City to study law at Kings College (today&#39;s Columbia University) but continued to come home fortnightly to spend time and holidays with family. Exchanges with his father reveal the names of enslaved persons living at the site include Moll, Old Plato, Little Plat, Old Mary, Young Mary, Zilpha, Clarinda and Anthony.</p><br>
<h3>Family Seat</h3><br>
<p>When the Stamp Act compelled Jay and many other lawyers to strike in defiance of British law, he returned there to live from 1765 to 1766, and immersed himself in re-reading the classics. After negotiating the Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War, Jay rejoiced with family and friends at his home in Rye in July, 1784. While Governor of New York, Jay notes "I am the owner of one undivided half part of a lot of land containing by estimation seventy acres, in the township of Rye adjacent to the farm of Peter Jay and occupied by him." – John Jay, October 1, 1798. John Jay and members of his family spent time there including his wife Sarah Livingston Jay and his youngest son William. After Jays retirement to Bedford, he inherited his brothers portion of the estate and oversaw management of the property from 1813 to 1822 before transferring it to his eldest son Peter Augustus in 1822. Still he advised on the planting of numerous trees.</p><br>
<p>During this period, the landscape began to change. Dry-laid stone ha-ha walls replaced fences and the view to the Long Island Sound was more formally shaped. Three large elm trees were planted behind the main house to replace three locusts that had fallen during the September Gale of 1822. The last enslaved resident of the property, a man named Caesar Valentine, was freed in 1824 and remained at the Jay Estate in the employ of the Jay family until his death and burial on the farm in 1847.</p><br>
<p>Famous visitors to the Jay Estate during this period include Yale President Timothy Dwight IV, American novelist James Fenimore Cooper, artist and inventor Samuel F. B. Morse.</p><br>
<h3>The 1838 Jay Mansion (also known as the Peter Augustus Jay House)</h3><br>
<p>Seven years after his fathers death, Peter reluctantly took down the ancestral house but reincorporated its timbers, doors, shutters and nails into a new 1838 structure, locating the second construction on the footprint of the first building. Stylistic elements appear to have been influenced by architectural pattern books by Minard Lafever, Asher Benjamin and Chester Hills. While the style of the mansions facade is grand, the rear piazza replicates the simplicity and same dimensions of the first house, one story high and 80 ft long.</p><br>
<h3>Alansten</h3><br>
<p>After Peter Augustus Jay&#39;s death in 1843, the Jay Estate passed down to his son John Clarkson Jay a noted conchologist, member of the Lyceum of Natural History doctor and co-founder of New York Yacht Club. Dr. Jay made changes to the mansion which included rerouting the central hall staircase. In 1849, he added a Carpenter Gothic cottage based upon designs by Alexander Jackson Davis as well as a bowling alley. He also gave the property the new name of "Alansten." Portions of the property were leased by gardeners and farmers who managed the surrounding land for the Jay family as a dairy farm. The property was kept open for livestock and planted with crops of rye, wheat and corn.</p><br>
<p>The home and surrounding acreage stayed in the Jay family through 1904. Other notable owners and residents of the property during this period include landscape architect Mary Rutherfurd Jay, her brother Pierre Jay, first Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and art collector and philanthropist Junius Spencer Morgan II.</p><br>
<h3>20th Century Owners</h3><br>
<p>Owners of the Jay Estate in modern times included architect Henry Ives Cobb (1904) who purchased the land with hopes to develop it; Dutch financier Warner M. Van Norden and Grace Talcott (1905-1911) who kept rare animals including Highland cattle and Grevy zebras; Princeton benefactor and Palmer Square creator Edgar Palmer and his wife Zilph (1911-1935); National Horse Show President Walter B. Devereux and his wife Zilph (1935-1966); the Methodist Church (1966-1979); and lastly DGM Partners, a real estate concern (1979-1992).</p><br>
<p>It is during this period (circa 1917) that a large Indoor Tennis House is constructed. Landscape architects Brinley & Holbrook redesign the gardens.</p><br>
<h3>Threat of Development (1979 - 1992)</h3><br>
<p>The Jay Estate was threatened by development in 1979. The conflict that arose galvanized the advocacy efforts of more than 62 historical and environmental organizations known as the "Jay Coalition" (the precursor to today&#39;s Jay Heritage Center) together with numerous government officials. Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun was a visitor to the site during this time.</p><br>
<p>During this chapter of change, and upon seeing the preserved landscape and viewshed of John Jay&#39;s youth and early adulthood, Justice Harry Blackmun remarked,</p><br>
<p>It is also during this window that the surrounding Boston Post Road Historic District was added to the National Historic Register of Places (1982).</p><br>
<p>In 1992, after 13 years of negotiations and public hearings, Westchester County purchased the 23 acre property for $11.5 million and the Jay Estate was preserved. Two buildings and 1.5 acres in the center of that parcel were sold to the Jay Heritage Center.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation and Interpretation (1993 - Today)</h3><br>
<p>In 1993, the Jay Estate and surrounding properties were further elevated in stature and included in a National Historic Landmark District by the National Park Service. In keeping with this distinction, preservation of the Jay Estate adheres to standards set by the Department of the Interior. In 1997, New York State Parks purchased a 90% interest in the remaining 21.5 acres to become tenants in common with Westchester County.</p><br>
<p>Despite best efforts to maintain the property, the landscape fell into disrepair. By 2011, the integrity of the property was again in jeopardy. Charles A. Birnbaum of The Cultural Landscape Foundation declared the Jay Estate an at-risk landscape. To help build consensus for ways to move constructively forward, Birnbaum and Jay Heritage Center co-sponsored a day-long symposium called "Bridging the Nature Culture Divide." Landscape design professionals and members of the community were invited to reimagine how components of the landmark like its historic gardens and meadow could be reimagined in a sustainable manner. The event was so successful that it was repeated at other national sites. Subsequent forums were co-sponsored by the Central Park Conservancy (2012) and the Presidio Trust (2015).</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the non-profit Jay Heritage Center was awarded stewardship of the park under a private-public partnership agreement following legislative approval by Westchester County in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Today the 3 owners of the park - NY State Parks, Westchester County and the Jay Heritage Center (JHC) collaborate to ensure the national treasure can be enjoyed by future generations. The partnership has been so successful that JHC was honored with a NY State Historic Preservation Award for Non-Profit Achievement in December 2022 by Governor Kathy Hochul and NY State Parks Commissioner Erik Kullesid.</p><br>
<h2>Components</h2><br>
<p>(Owned by JHC)</p><br>
<p>Pieces of the original 18th century house "The Locusts" found within the mansion are also on public view and illustrate sustainable building traditions. JHC uses the house to host programs in American history, architecture, landscape conservation and environmental stewardship. Architects involved in the restoration process include Beyer Blinder Belle. One of the most significant additions included installation of a geothermal heating and cooling system. The building is an official Save America&#39;s Treasures project and was one of 63 recipients of the prestigious federal grant in 2001.</p><br>
<p>(Owned by JHC)</p><br>
<p>The Carriage House was designed by architect Frank A. Rooke. Today, it is used for lectures, programs and concerts. It boasts its original working 1907 Seth Thomas tower clock. Architects involved in the restoration process include Beyer Blinder Belle.</p><br>
<p>(Owned by JHC, NYSOPRHP and Westchester County; maintained and operated by JHC)</p><br>
<p>Larry Weaner Landscape Architects were selected to rehabilitate a two-acre area full of invasive species and replant the space with native grasses and wildflowers. The goal is to attract more meadow and grassland birds which are in decline.</p><br>
<p>(Owned by NYSOPRHP and Westchester County; maintained and operated by JHC)</p><br>
<p>The original estate gardens had wooden pales that were later replaced by stone fences. Sections of the dry laid stone walls that frame the spaces date from the late 1700s, 1822 and later. The gardens evolved and were even opened on occasion to the public in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Today they are open to the public again. The firm of Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects was selected to draw plans to restore and rehabilitate the gardens. Work is being funded through more than $500,000 in donations raised by the Jay Heritage Center and a matching grant $500,000 REDC grant from New York State Parks</p><br>
<p>(Owned by NYSOPRHP and Westchester County; maintained and operated by JHC)</p><br>
<p>The "covered" Tennis House is believed to be one of the oldest indoor courts in the country. It is being restored for eventual use by youth groups. The structure was neglected for many years and further damaged during Hurricane Sandy. It is currently undergoing stabilization.</p><br>
<p>(Owned by NYSOPRHP and Westchester County; maintained and operated by JHC)</p><br>
<h2>Historic designations</h2><br>
<h3>African American Heritage Trail (2004)</h3><br>
<p>The site is known to have been the home and burial site of numerous men and women owned and freed by the Jay family. As such, the estate was designated one of 16 sites on the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County in 2004. John Jay is well known for a contradictory legacy of owning enslaved individuals while simultaneously advocating emancipation, serving as the first President of the New-York Manumission Society, and establishing the first African Free School. His son Peter Augustus Jay also served as President of the Manumission Society, continuing his work.</p><br>
<h3>Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area (2009)</h3><br>
<p>In November 2008, the PAJ House became the oldest National Historic Landmark structure in New York State to be equipped with an energy-efficient geothermal heating and cooling system.</p><br>
<p>One year later, the 23-acre Jay Estate was designated a member site of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area (HRVNHA) in January 2009, based on its architectural and historic significance as well as green management practices and design efforts in sustainability. The HRVNHA is a prestigious designation by the National Park Service (NPS).</p><br>
<p>The Jay mansion has been recognized as an outstandingly pure example of Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h3>NY Path Through History (2013)</h3><br>
<p>In 2013, the Jay Estate was added to New York State&#39;s Path Through History as an important site that explores themes and the evolution of Civil Rights.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Native plants and trees found at the Jay Estate include elms, oaks and red maples. The park is also home to numerous wild turkeys, red tailed hawks and coyotes.</p><br>
<p>Numerous invasive species at the Jay Estate have been noted and mapped with GPS coordinates using the iNaturalist app. Species found including mugwort, multiflora rose, Norway maples, Japanese angelica tree, jetbead, Japanese stiltgrass, Japanese knotweed and wineberry.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>James Fenimore Cooper, a family friend and frequent visitor to both Jay family homes in Rye and Bedford, gave the Rye estate its name, The Locusts. The setting featured prominently in Cooper&#39;s first successful novel The Spy (1821). It is believed that the character of Caesar Thompson in the book was based on Caesar Valentine who was enslaved and later freed by the Jay family.</p><br>
<p>John Jay at His Home is the title of a Guy Pene du Bois painting at the Rye Post Office that shows John Jay about to leave his Rye home and family to ride circuit.</p><br>
<p>The Jay Estate was featured in a popular 2017 NFL and Bud Light ad titled "The Hero&#39;s Return."</p><br>
<p>A History Channel documentary on Alexander Hamilton used the site to recreate scenes of Hamilton&#39;s youth, marriage and duel with Aaron Burr.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, a cult horror film, Spookies, was filmed at the property.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion interiors and Jay meadow have appeared in numerous photo shoots for print fashion publications like W Magazine. In 2019, Tory Burch shot her Fall/Winter campaign at the Jay Estate.</p><br>
<p>Several episodes of Season 3 of Apple TV&#39;s show Dickinson about the poet Emily Dickinson featuring Hailee Steinfeld and directed by Silas Howard were filmed at the property in 2021 using both meadow and the mansion.</p><br>
<p>Power Plant and Dam No. 5, also known as Honeywood Dam, comprises a dam on the Potomac River, originally built for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and a power plant built to take advantage of the river&#39;s flow to generate hydroelectric power. The dam is included in Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>The dam was originally built to retain water for the C&O Canal in 1835. It was modified in 1993, and is 20 ft tall, retaining 490 acre of reservoir. The 1835 dam was constructed of wood cribbing, and was attacked by Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson in December 1861 with the aim of destroying the dam, depriving the upper C&O Canal of water and consequently cutting off coal shipments to Washington, D.C. Two assaults by Jackson&#39;s forces failed to cause significant damage to the dam. The dam was later replaced with a stone structure, which has been upgraded with concrete.</p><br>
<p>The power plant is a two-story brick building on the West Virginia side of the river. It was built circa 1900 as the Honeywood paper mill. The first Honeywood Mill was built at the same time as the dam, in 1835 by Edward Colston. It burned a few years later and was replaced, then burned in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The dam and power plant were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Little Slackwater</h2><br>
<p>The water impounded by the dam made an area that the Canallers called "Little Slackwater". At Guard Lock #5, the canal entered the river, and the boats navigated in the slackwater for about a half a mile, returning to the canal at Lock 45. For the boatmen, this was a tricky place to steer, particularly if the current was fast. On 1 May 1903, a towline broke and the boat (with people aboard) went over the dam, causing injuries and loss of life.</p><br>
<p>The William Boggs Farm is located in the Back Creek Valley of Berkeley County, West Virginia ner Hedgesville. The property was settled before 1750 by William Boggs, who may have been the first settler in the valley. A 1750 survey indicates that Boggs had 275 acre of land with a cabin. By 1766 Boggs had accumulated 527 acre. Boggs grew cash crops in the fertile bottomlands along Back Creek and raised clover for pasturage on the hilltops.</p><br>
<p>After William Sr.s death in 1791, his son, William Boggs, Jr. took over the land, working the farm until his death in 1836. The property was divided between Willam Jr.s son John, with243 acre and daughter Jane with 307 acre.In 1846 John sold his share for $2000 to Janes husband, Thomas C. Harper. The farm was inherited in 1884 by John Boggs daughter Theresa, who had lived at the firm with the Harpers. Encumbered by debts she inherited with the property, Theresa was forced to sell in 1887 to D.E. Stone.</p><br>
<p>The -story log house features a center hall plan with a room on each side of the main stair hall and two rooms upstairs. The interior log surfaces were whitewashed. Interior walls are beaded board. Mantels and stairs feature decorative carving of good quality for such a remote location. The exterior is clad with wide planking.</p><br>
<p>Nearby on the property a two-level root cellar is dug into a hillside, with entrances to the upper and lower levels on opposite sides. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Argo Tunnel is a 4.16 mi mine drainage and access tunnel with its portal at Idaho Springs, Colorado, USA. It was originally called the Newhouse Tunnel after its primary investor, Salt Lake City mining magnate Samuel Newhouse, and appears by that name in many industry publications from the time period when it was constructed. The tunnel intersected nearly all the major gold mines between Idaho Springs and Central City, and is the longest such drainage tunnel in the Central City-Idaho Springs mining district.</p><br>
<p>The mines along the Argo Tunnel are no longer active or maintained, but continue to exfiltrate ground water. The drainage from the tunnel was a major source of pollution in Clear Creek, until the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began treating it with a facility, built near the tunnel entrance. Large drainage tunnels in other mining districts include the Sutro Tunnel on the Comstock Lode in Nevada, and the Leadville Tunnel and the Yak Tunnel at Leadville, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The associated gold ore mill is open to public tours. As of 2017, the tunnel&#39;s front portal was re-opened to the public and included on the tour circuit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Argo Tunnel was started from its southern terminus at Idaho Springs in September 1893, and reached its final length of 4.16 mi in November 1910, after several pauses in the work. The actual time spent driving the tunnel was nine years and seven months. The tunnel intersected nearly all the major mines between Idaho Springs and Central City.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel was built on an incline of one-half percent, so that water from the intersected mine workings would drain out the entrance at Idaho Springs rather than needing to be pumped out. In addition, loaded ore cars from the mines could benefit from gravity as they were trammed downhill to the tunnel entrance and then returned uphill as empties. Previously, ore from the mines was hoisted out of the vertical shafts and trucked to railroad sidings or mills. The tunnel was driven in a north-northwest direction, perpendicular to the predominant orientation of the gold veins. It was hoped that the tunnel would intersect previously undiscovered gold veins, but there is no record that important new ore bodies were discovered.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel operated until January 1943, when miners attempting to construct access and drainage for the Kansas Lode mine group near Nevadaville critically weakened a wall between the Argo and a flooded mine works. The section was holding back water at a later-estimated pressure of 500 psi (approximately 1,155 feet of hydraulic head), and a large slug of water was ejected through the tunnel and out the entrance, killing the four miners at the blasting site. A fifth person near the portal suspected trouble when the lights suddenly failed and ran for the entrance, narrowly escaping. Water was ejected for several hours.</p><br>
<p>Due to preparations for World War II, the federal government ordered all gold mines in the US to shut down shortly before the accident occurred, intending that the workers and mining resources should be available for metals considered more essential to the war effort. The Argo Tunnel never reopened.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental remediation</h2><br>
<p>The Argo Tunnel continued to drain acid water from the mines, and was recognized as a major continuing source of dissolved metals in Clear Creek. In May 1980, a surge of water flowed from the tunnel and turned the water in Clear Creek orange for some distance downstream. The temporary large increase in flow was attributed to a roof collapse somewhere within the tunnel damming a large volume of water behind it, then failing suddenly.</p><br>
<p>The USA Environmental Protection Agency listed the tunnel as part of the Central City/Clear Creek federal Superfund site in 1983, and built a treatment system at the mouth to neutralize and remove heavy metals from the 700 USgal per minute acid mine drainage flow from the Argo, as well as lesser flows diverted to the plant from three other nearby mineworks, before it flows into Clear Creek. The treatment system began operation in 1998. The water treatment plant is just west of the old ore mill. A later modification to the tunnel included a high-pressure bulkhead installed roughly 200 feet inside of the portal entrance, enabling flow variations to be buffered inside the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The Campbell House Museum opened on February 6, 1943, and is in the Greater St. Louis area, in the USA state of Missouri. The museum was documented as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey between 1936 and 1941, designated a City of St. Louis Landmark in 1946, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and became a National Trust for Historic Preservation Save America&#39;s Treasures project in 2000. The museum is owned and operated by the Campbell House Foundation, Inc. a 501 non-profit organization.</p><br>
<h2>Building and renovations</h2><br>
<p>The Campbell House Museum commemorates the home and Victorian lifestyle of Robert Campbell and his wife Virginia Kyle Campbell. The house was first built in 1851 by John Hall. Hall sold it to Cornelia Hempsted Wilson in 1853 and she lived in the house for only one year. Robert Campbell purchased the house in 1853, and he and his family lived there until the death of his last surviving child in 1938. The building was located at 20 Lucas Place. Lucas Place was a new residential street created around 1850 by siblings James Lucas and Ann Lucas Hunt.</p><br>
<p>Robert Campbell purchased the house for around $18,000 and soon after moving in, enlarged the back of the house adding a larger kitchen, dining room, and more servant bedrooms. In 1867 the Campbell family continued renovations including: combining the two front parlors into one larger space; adding a three-story bay window on the east side and adding three extra rooms on the third floor. In 1885 an exterior porch was enclosed and the morning room created. In 1900 Lucas Place became known as Locust Street and the house was renumbered to 1508 Locust Street, its current address.</p><br>
<h2>The museum takes shape</h2><br>
<p>The last surviving child of Robert Campbell was Hazlett Campbell who died at home in 1938. The death of the Campbell brothers and the complexity of the family trusts and wills prompted a lengthy string of litigation between the trustees for the estate, banks, and descendants and people claiming to be descendants. As the Campbells&#39; estates were settled the fate of the house and its contents became unclear. In preparing an inventory and evaluation of the estate, leading experts in history, architecture and art were called. All were amazed after visiting the house, pronouncing, "probably nowhere in America, possible nowhere else, is such an intact and integral display of elaborate and ornate furnishings of the middle Victorian period to be found, as in the Campbell mansion." It was clear that the house needed to be saved and the unique and important story of the Campbells preserved.</p><br>
<p>A local history group called the William Clark Society began to organize an effort to save the building and its contents as a museum. The committee formed for the task included architectural historian John Bryan, eminent Missouri historian Charles van Ravenswaay and director of the St. Louis Art Museum Perry Rathborne.</p><br>
<p>The Campbells cousins, who had inherited the contents of the house, chose to auction everything. St. Louis auction house Selkirks conducted the sale on February 24, 25 and 26, 1941. The William Clark Society was able to raise more than $6,500 in just a few weeks, purchasing the majority of the furnishings. Buyers donated many other Campbell pieces after the auctions. The Campbell House Foundation was formally incorporated later that year.</p><br>
<p>Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 1942, local St. Louis department store, Stix, Baer and Fuller purchased the house from Yale University and presented it to the people of St. Louis through the Campbell House Foundation. The house had been left to Yale University by the will of the oldest Campbell son, Hugh in honor of the youngest James, who had died at the young age of 30 and who had attended Yale University.</p><br>
<h2>Redecoration and the first 30 years (1943–73)</h2><br>
<p>When the foundation got possession of the house in 1942 they immediately began raising funds to refurbish the interior with new wallpaper, paint and carpets. This redecoration reflected a mid-20th-century concept of the Campbell&#39;s Victorian interior and was not an accurate restoration of what had existed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The House Museum formally opened to the public on February 6, 1943. During the 1940s the Campbell House was one of the only museums dedicated to the history and decorative arts of mid-Victorian America. The museum was featured in Life magazine in May 1945 and National Geographic in March 1946.</p><br>
<p>The museum&#39;s interiors were redecorated again in 1967. In January 1973 the Campbell House was featured in the pages of Architectural Digest. Later that same year an important album of 60 photographs was donated to the museum. The 8-inch by 10-inch photos show not only the house interior, room by room, but also the exterior and surrounding neighborhood. The photos date from about 1885 and may have been taken by Hugh Campbell, but for what purpose is unclear. The album was discovered in the trash of a law firm that worked on the Campbell estate.</p><br>
<p>This group of photos is the most significant artifact in the museum collection and is the most important piece of documentation supporting the accurate historic restoration of the museum.</p><br>
<h2>Early restorations (1973–95)</h2><br>
<p>The discovery of the Campbell House photo album allowed for accurate restoration of the interior rooms. Using the photographs, the first room to be restored was the morning room beginning in 1980. During the mid-1980s the dining room was partially restored. False wood graining was restored or recreated in both rooms. In the morning room, wallpaper was recreated to match the pattern in the photos. In the dining room, the elaborate painted ceiling was recreated.</p><br>
<h2>The restoration (2000–05)</h2><br>
<p>In February 2000, the restoration of the house started with the packing and storing of the entire museum collection. The exterior restoration was complete by mid-2001. In addition to mechanical updates, the exterior restoration included returning the exterior of the house to its historic appearance and colors as well as completing structural work to insure the long-term preservation of the building and collection.</p><br>
<p>The interior restoration began in the Spring 2001 and was completed in 2005 restoring the house as closely as possible to its appearance in the 1885 photographs.</p><br>
<h2>The expansion (2019)</h2><br>
<p>In 2019, the museum broke ground on a $1.8 million expansion. The project includes construction of a new street-level accessible entrance, two education spaces, a new gift shop, and lobby along with an elevator that will allow visitors to tour the house without using stairs.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Heidi Aronson Kolk, Taking Possession: The Politics of Memory in a St. Louis Town House. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Chance House and Gardens is a historic home and garden located at Centralia, Missouri. The house was built in 1904, and is a two-story, Queen Anne style frame dwelling on a raised brick basement. It features a broad verandah and porte cochere. The formal gardens were added in 1937. The house was purchased by Albert Bishop Chance in 1923. The house is now operated as the Centralia Historical Society Museum. The adjacent Garden is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Chatol House & Gardens also known as The Chatol, The White House or The Chance Guest House is a National Register historic mansion that has been restored to host memorable weddings and events. Located in Centralia, Missouri, the home was built in 1940, as the private residence of F. Gano & Annie Chance. The home is reflective of Streamline Moderne and International Style architecture. The home measures approximately 136 feet by 92 feet with over 10,000 square feet of living space, including a large vaulted ballroom and furnishings from the 1933-34 World&#39;s Fair. It was constructed with steel footings on a concrete foundation, with a spring system employed in the walls. The striking all white home includes many characteristics of Streamline Moderne/International Style architecture, including curved walls, port hole windows, horizontal ships banding and stair step elements throughout. Today the home remains in the Chance family and is owned by Gil & Tam Stone. F. Gano Chance was the son of Albert Bishop Chance, inventor of the earth anchor, whose home and gardens are also on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Livingston County Courthouse is an historic building and a longtime judicial center for Livingston County, Illinois, United States. It is located in the county seat of Pontiac.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current Livingston County Courthouse is the third building to carry that name. Construction on the present-day courthouse began in late 1874 and was completed late the next year. The courthouse was built after fire consumed the second Livingston County Courthouse on July 4, 1874. The plan for the courthouse was selected from a slate of ten candidate plans. The courthouse clock tower was installed in 1892. It served as the county&#39;s primary judicial center until late 2011, when a replacement Law and Justice Center opened across the street. It currently houses county offices that are not court-related.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>John C. Cochrane, a Chicago architect designed the Livingston County Courthouse in Second Empire style. The building is symmetrical and rectangular, standing two stories tall. Each of its four corners features a tower and there is also a central clock tower topping the building. Some architectural elements found on the structure include: quoins, cornices, a mansard roof, modillions, belt courses and patterned roof tiles. From the basement to the eaves the building stands 55 feet tall and the clock tower sits at 70 feet above the basement.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Livingston County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1986. It was added because it met criteria for inclusion in the areas of politics and government as well as architecture. The building was the seat of judicial activity in Livingston County, Illinois from 1875 until the 21st century, and it is a locally excellent example of Second Empire style.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Brown House in Inwood, West Virginia, was built about 1741 as a log cabin for Thomas Brown, a Quaker farmer. Brown was one of the first to grow fruit in an area where orchardry would become a major agricultural industry. The house is the oldest known dwelling in Berkeley County.</p><br>
<p>Brown had assembled 1,200 acre in the area of Mill Creek, and left the log house and 60 acre to his wife Ruth on his death in 1750. A later resident on the property was Ellis Rees, who lived there from 1790 to 1820. The log house became a tenant house for 100 years, but was renovated beginning in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The house is built of large logs, 16 or 17 inches wide and hewn on two sides. The 1-1/2-story structure measures about 23 ft by 29 ft in the original block, a log west wing about 16 ft by 21 ft, and a frame east wing about 16 ft by 20 ft. The central block has two large stone chimneys. The logs are clad with weatherboards. The central block has two rooms downstairs. The wings are a single room downstairs and upstairs. The front and read elevations feature gun ports cut into the logs, high in the walls.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are a log meat house, a stone springhouse and a frame privy. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Bunker Hill Historic District is the center of the town of Bunker Hill, West Virginia. Today located on the road called US 11, the town was developed along the Martinsburg, West Virginia - Winchester, Virginia road. Bunker Hill served southern Berkeley County with three stores, six mills, and five churches. It was also home to a significant African-American population.</p><br>
<p>Much of the land around Bunker Hill belonged to General Elisha Boyd, who built what amounted to an industrial village, with two mills, a brick-making operation, a cooperage, and a store on part of his Edgewood Manor plantation. After General Boyd&#39;s death in 1841 his son John tried to develop the area as a town, selling some lots and building another store and a log house. The most southern lots in the town were sold to African Americans, and represent an example of a segregated community in the post-Civil War period, becoming known as "Black Row."</p><br>
<p>Significant contributing buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Boyd&#39;s Store: A brick pre-Civil War house.</p><br>
<p>Jesse Brilhart Store: Built circa 1852 and operating as a store into the 1980s. It retains its interior furnishings.</p><br>
<p>North Music School: A two-story stone building.</p><br>
<p>Boyd House: A two-story building resembling the Bunker Hill Store.</p><br>
<p>Bunker Hill Methodist Church: A Gothic Revival church built in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The Parsonage: Late Victorian Gothic in style, with some surviving trim details</p><br>
<p>Mount Tabor Baptist Church: A one-story frame building, located on "Black Row."</p><br>
<p>New Presbyterian Church: Originally built in 1854, it was heavily damaged in the Civil War. It was rebuilt in 1879 in the Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Pastures Historic District is a residential neighborhood located south of downtown Albany, New York, United States. Its 17 acre include all or part of a 13-block area.</p><br>
<p>It was originally an area set aside as communal pasture by Albanys city council in the late 17th century and deeded to the Dutch Reformed Church. As the city began to grow following its designation as New Yorks state capital a century later, it was subdivided into building lots, some of which were developed with small rowhouses. Many open areas remain today, and the houses have not been significantly altered. In 1972 the city designated it as a historic district and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. All but two buildings in the district are considered historic.</p><br>
<p>One of Albanys busiest neighborhoods in the 19th century, the area fell into decline during the third quarter of the 20th as citizens left the city for the suburbs. Instead of the wholesale demolition of that eras urban renewal programs, the city government attempted to preserve and revitalize the area,</p><br>
<p>evacuating the residents for years and demolishing some properties, a move that has been criticized as destroying the neighborhood as a standard urban renewal project would have. A recent mortgage fraud scandal has affected the neighborhood also, but it has once again become a diverse, fully occupied neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Pastures Historic District is located on the south side of the South Mall Expressway that leads traffic from the Dunn Memorial Bridge over the Hudson River into Empire State Plaza, the modernist complex that houses New York&#39;s state government offices. The area is almost flat, rising minimally away from the river, in contrast to the Mansion Historic District, which rises up the slope to the west.</p><br>
<p>The district boundary is described as Madison Avenue on the north, South Ferry Street on the south, Dongan and Green streets on the east and South Pearl Street (NY 32) on the west. Bleeker, Franklin, Herkimer, John, South Lansing and Westerlo between South Pearl and Green are within the district. The actual boundary was not clarified by the city and state until 12 years after the district was listed, and does not follow those streets completely, excluding some more modern properties and areas where demolitions took place.</p><br>
<p>As defined in 1984, no property that actually fronts on South Pearl is within the district. All the properties along the south side of Madison are included, as are those on the west side of Green. Just south of Herkimer the three properties on the east side of Green are within the boundary, and then one block south of South Lansing it takes in the rows on the east side again as well as the north side of Westerlo.</p><br>
<p>The entire block with the now-closed St. John&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is included, and the boundary follows Dongan to the South Ferry corner, where it turns west to follow that street. As at the northern end, all properties along the north side of South Ferry are within the district. It excludes the lot at the corner of South Pearl and follows the rear lines of houses on South Ferry to Franklin Street, leaving out not only the newer buildings along South Pearl but the parking lots behind them as well. It follows the property lines along Westerlo west of Franklin to include the houses on both sides of that street, then returns to Franklin again.</p><br>
<p>All the houses on both sides of Herkimer between Franklin and South Pearl are within the boundary. The parking lot that was once the western block of Bleeker is outside the district, and then the boundary returns to the rear lot lines along Madison.</p><br>
<p>There are 112 buildings in this 17-acre (7 ha) area. Only two are not considered contributing properties to the district&#39;s historic character. Many of the buildings are rowhouses in the Federal and Greek Revival styles. They do not fully cover their lots, leaving a considerable amount of open space in the district. Some of it is taken up by off-street parking, some of it is left undeveloped as lawns and parks, and a tennis court has been built on John Street between Franklin and Green (complemented by two others just outside the district).</p><br>
<p>The only non-residential properties are three institutions: the former St. Johns Church, its school and a synagogue. School No. 15, the only educational building in the district, burned down in 1979, during the citys attempts to revitalize the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pastures was made available for development not long after American independence, but took a while to become a popular building location. Three-quarters of its buildings were constructed between 1815 and 1855. Some were later demolished during the 1970s.</p><br>
<h3>17th and 18th centuries</h3><br>
<p>The Dutch colonists who founded what became Albany in the mid-17th century set aside this land, outside the citys stockade, as common pasture. In 1687, the year after Albany became an English colonial city and received its charter, the city council donated the land to the Dutch Reformed Church. The land remained in the churchs hands, used as pasture, for almost a century.</p><br>
<p>What is today South Pearl Street was the only route to, or through, the area. It was a path used to take cattle to graze and was known as "Cow Street" occasionally for that reason. Modest homes were built along it north of the stockade after the death of the original landowner in 1766. When George Washington supposedly used it to visit the Schuyler Mansion in 1783, the street became Washington Street.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolutionary War and independence, the city urged the church to subdivide the land into building-sized lots and sell them for development. This took place slowly, mainly along the main streets. The early settlers of the area, the city&#39;s first growth outside of its stockade, were mostly wealthy families who built in the Federal style popular in the early republic.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Spencer Stafford, a successful merchant, built 100 Madison Avenue in 1808. It remains the oldest building in the district and one of the oldest in the city. The nearby house at 96 Madison, built three years later, was considered the most elegant private home in the city at that time. Four of the six houses on the row next to it at 82–94 Madison, built after another three years, in 1814, were owned by Union College founder Dudley Walsh. Citizens of more modest means also settled in the Pastures. There were homes of tradesmen, craftsmen and free African Americans as well.</p><br>
<p>In the next two decades, stone yards were opened at several locations in the future district. Middle-class citizens continued settling there, joined by carpenters and builders who bought several lots at once, put up a row, lived in one unit and rented out the others. The houses they built, many of which survive on South Ferry between Franklin and Green, introduced the third story, gabled roof and dormer windows to the neighborhood. Joseph C. Yates lived at 96 Madison while he served as governor.</p><br>
<p>As building continued into the late 1830s and 1840s, houses reflected an austere Greek Revival style. They were mostly brick laid in Flemish bond primarily, with running and American bond appearing more. Plain pilasters flanked the recessed entrances, with little ornament on the front facades. Newer roofing materials and methods made flat roofs possible. Some frame stores, most since demolished, were constructed in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The years before, during and after the Civil War were the last for large-scale building within the Pastures. The neighborhood was getting built up, such that a school was built, and other, newer areas of the city were available. Most new rowhouses replaced earlier frame buildings, with 51–55 Westerlo Street the only significant new grouping. Mixed-use development began to appear, with new houses having commercial space on the first story and living space above. Ornate storefronts survive at 79 South Ferry and 104 Madison. Older houses also saw their facades updated with timely decorations like bracketed cornices, metal lintels and ornate friezes. Third stories were added to some flat-roofed buildings.</p><br>
<p>There are a few scattered houses from around the district postdating this period. The ornate brickwork at 77 Westerlo, dating to 1886, stands out in its neighborhood. On the other extreme, the austerity of 68 and 70 Westerlo reflects vernacular applications of early 20th century styles. The greatest change to the district in this period was the conversion of some residences on Madison west of Franklin into stores.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In the first decade of the new century, a Roman Catholic Church and synagogue were built in the district. The Gothic Revival stone towers of St. John&#39;s, at 140 Green Street, began looming over the district in 1903, along with its neighboring school. The brick Beth El Jacob following in 1907 at 76 Herkimer Street. The neighborhood was complete now.</p><br>
<p>Pastures storefronts became known for their jazz bars, and as Albanys red-light district, in the early 20th century. In 1940, 76 Westerlo Street became the youngest contributing property in the future historic district. During the war years, the Pastures remained a thriving, socioeconomically and ethnically diverse neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, suburbanization began, and affluent Albanians began leaving. The construction of Empire State Plaza during the 1960s displaced more residents, and the citys central areas, including the Pastures began showing signs of urban decay. Late in the decade, the citys new Historic Resources Commission designated the area the Pastures Preservation District and got it listed on the Register in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Having recognized the areas historic character and importance, the city had big plans for the area. The Democratic political machine of Daniel P. OConnell mostly eschewed the federal Title I funds for the massive urban renewal programs of the era, since they wanted to retain control of patronage. With what money they did have, they chose a plan that would, they hoped, "revitalize" the neighborhood and preserve what had been recognized as special about it. They moved residents out, temporarily they hoped, while selected decrepit buildings were demolished and new ones built in sympathetic styles. Nearly half of all the buildings in the district were demolished, the rest "mothballed" without heating.</p><br>
<p>While the neighborhood was vacant, the city sought a developer willing to take on the whole area. Individuals who approached with plans to buy and restore one or two houses at a time, and live there when finished, were turned away while the buildings remained empty and decayed further, some of them succumbing to arson, including the school.</p><br>
<p>By 1980 the city reduced its expectations and looked only for developers for whole blocks, not the neighborhood. Half of the finished units would have to rented to low-income families. Eventually the Pastures was repopulated, but to some critics the damage to both its human and architectural character had been done. "The real place ceased to exist when its last resident was trundled off to a distant housing project", urbanist Roberta Brandes Gratz wrote a quarter-century later. She calls the Pastures project "a vivid example of the inappropriateness of Historic Preservation as The Answer". Some of the buildings have, she notes, been incorrectly restored and "the area looks more like a sanitized suburban enclave... than an urban neighborhood".</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>By the early 21st century the neighborhood had fully repopulated again, and the city&#39;s planning commissioner noted the "mix of incomes and occupations that we strive for in our city neighborhoods." Many units had been set aside as Section 8 affordable housing, and small businesses had moved into the area. 96 Madison is now a bed and breakfast. Residents like its walkability and proximity to downtown, with one even comparing it to Greenwich Village.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood seemed to be getting over its recent past when another redevelopment-related setback occurred. At the beginning of the century, Aaron Dare, former head of the Northeast New York chapter of the Urban League, began filing falsified mortgage applications for a variety of Albany properties, including Historic Pastures Village Apartments, through his company, Emerge Real Properties. He and his co-conspirators made it appear that they had the capital to borrow from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to buy the properties. After the closing, he failed to repay the loans and they quickly went into default, forcing HUD to foreclose. He was eventually investigated and arrested. In 2006 he pleaded guilty to various charges of conspiracy and fraud. Two years later he was sentenced to 63 months in prison and ordered to pay almost $2 million in restitution to his victims.</p><br>
<p>The A. W. Patterson House is a historic house in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Located at the intersection of 14th Street and West Okmulgee, it is situated at the crest of a hill near the western edge of the downtown Muskogee neighborhood. It was built in 1906, before Oklahoma achieved statehood in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It includes Richardsonian Romanesque features: massive quality of the limestone rock wall finish, "cavernous door and porch openings, and occasional band of straight-topped windows", and several Richardsonian-type arches with</p><br>
<p>voussoirs.</p><br>
<h2>NRHP application discussion</h2><br>
<p>This was one of five historic residences in a group that was nominated on the same application, which was titled, "Territorial Homes of Muskogee." The houses in this group include:</p><br>
<p>A. C. Trumbo House,</p><br>
<p>J. C. Welch House,</p><br>
<p>A. W. Patterson Home,</p><br>
<p>Coss Home, and</p><br>
<p>Murphy Home.</p><br>
<p>All of these houses were built in the same time period (1904-1907), shortly before the end of the Indian Territorial Period. They are all in good condition and continue in service as residences. There have been no alterations significant enough to disturb their historic character.</p><br>
<p>The thematic nomination of Territorial Homes of Muskogee is significant because: (1) their historic association with five of the most prominent businessmen and influential community leaders in Muskogee during the latter stages of-the Indian Territory era and the first decade of Oklahoma statehood, and (2) although the homes were constructed within the same general time frame (1904-1907), and within the same neighborhood (1300-1400 blocks of West Okmulgee and West Broadway), each has unique and individual qualities expressed in their design, decorative elements, and construction materials. they are some of the best examples of high style architecture in northeastern Oklahoma which have retained their original character and fabric.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The home was designed by McKibban & McKibban, an architectural firm which designed many of Muskogee&#39;s early commercial buildings. It is three stories high, with rooms on the two lower floors. The third floor was an attic, but is now used for storing boxes. House dimensions are about 55 feet by 85 feet. Total area is about. The exterior is finished with limestone laid in coursed ashlar fashion. The limestone was quarried in Missouri, and masons to install it also came from there. The roof is gently pitchedseveral Richardsonian Romanesque qualities including a limestone rock coursed ashlar wall finish, a round arched entryway and round arched window surrounds, and the low-pitched red clay tile-covered hip roof with cross gables in front. The heavy stone arches utilized limestone quarried from Carthage, Missouri. It was built with four covered porches, including the main south entry, the north side entry from the detached garage, and two interior covered porches, one which spreads the entire width of the home on the east side, overlooking downtown Muskogee to the east. There is also a covered porch on the second floor of the south side. The open, covered porch on the east side of the home had its own source of water supply and was large enough to accommodate a full-sized hammock, surrounded by five half-moon arched open window areas.</p><br>
<p>The large foyer inside the main entry door on the south side has dual sidelight clear lead-glass windows with beveled panes behind carved stone benches which straddle the front porch. This porch, with nearly a dozen steps up to the front door is the scene of many historical family photos and group photos for civic and social organizations within the city.</p><br>
<p>The house has a full walkout basement with several separate rooms. A detached garage, about 25 feet by 45 feet is about 10 feet from the northeast corner of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership history</h2><br>
<h3>Original owner</h3><br>
<p>The Patterson home was the home of two prominent Muskogee businessmen. A. W. Patterson was co-founder of the Bank of Muskogee in 1901 which later was renamed the Muskogee National Bank and he served as its president until 1918. Patterson was the driving force in promoting the Arkansas River as a navigable body of water and was the instrumental figure in the construction of Muskogee&#39;s Convention Hall which was the site of the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress held in 1907. Patterson lived in the home until his death in 1916. His widow remained there until she died in 1934.</p><br>
<h3>Second owner</h3><br>
<p>In 1941, the home was purchased from the Pattersons daughters by L. R. Kershaw, one of Muskogees community leaders. Kershaw was active in local politics, was an experienced lawyer, banker, farmer, rancher and court-appointed receiver for over a dozen National Banks before and during the Great Depression. One of the banks which he served as the receiver for, as an appointee by the Comptroller of the Currency, was the merged Muskogee National Bank and the Security National Bank of Muskogee. He was one of the original founders of the Eastern Oklahoma Electric Traction Company, and gained national notability as a breeder of registered Aberdeen-Angus cattle during the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s and he also developed numerous residential subdivisions in the city. The home remained in the Kershaw family until 1973, or four years after the death of L. R. Kershaw.</p><br>
<p>When Dr. Phil Couch visited Muskogee in 1978 to see whether he wanted to establish a practice in the city. He happened to drive by the Patterson House and quickly fell in love with it, but learned it was not for sale. The third owners, Sam and Mary Lou Caldwell, were still living there. Disappointed, the Couches still agreed that Phil should open a practice in Muskogee. After they moved to the city in 1979, they learned that the Patterson home would be on the market soon. So, they rented an apartment, and bought the house as soon as it became available in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, by the National Park Service, in 1984 as property #84003322.</p><br>
<p>The Couches admit that the house needed some major upgrades serve their own needs. This included:</p><br>
<p>replacing all plumbing and wiring</p><br>
<p>adding heating and air conditioning for the basement and all of the three stories</p><br>
<p>adding insulation to the house (there was none initially)</p><br>
<p>They are happy with the result.</p><br>
<p>The James Nathanial Burwell House, also known as Yellow House Farm, was built about 1842 near Ridgeway, West Virginia. The house is a late example of the Federal Style, with some Greek Revival features, unique in Berkeley County.</p><br>
<p>The brick house is L-shaped in plan, with a five bay front elevation. A small porch features chamfered columns with a Greek Revival character. The interior is a central hall plan with a room on either side of the stair hall and two rooms in the rear ell.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Campbellton is a house near Gerrardstown, West Virginia built circa 1800 by James Campbell. Campbell, who was born in Ireland in 1744, arrived in America with his father in 1753, settling in Berkeley County, West Virginia in 1762. Campbell built a store on the property in 1780, along with a complex of accessory buildings, before building the main house.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story structure of coursed rubble limestone. The two-story house is five bays wide. A rear kitchen ell was demolished due to deterioration, but was reconstructed in 1975 in a manner sympathetic to the main house. in 1975. The main block is a center-hall plan, with two rooms to each side of the stair hall. Outbuildings include the store, which retains its original shelving. An 1802 barn completes the ensemble.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The House of Peace Synagogue is a former synagogue of the Beth Shalom Congregation in Columbia, South Carolina. It was originally located at 1318 Park Street. After the congregation moved in the 1935, the building was used for the Big Apple Club, which was an African-American night club. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1979. In the early 1980s, the building was moved to its present location at the southeast corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation and is called the Big Apple.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Jewish congregation in Columbia, Sharit Israel, met on Assembly Street. Their building was destroyed in the burning of Columbia in the Civil War. The Jewish community diminished after the war until Eastern European immigrants arrived later in the century. In 1896, the Reform Tree of Life synagogue was built. Because of religious differences, the Orthodox Jews in Columbia separated. In 1907, the Orthodox minyan met at a house at Park and Lady Streets that served as their first synagogue. They received a state charter in 1912. This first synagogue was destroyed in a fire in 1915. The new synagogue was built at the site. By the late 1920s, they had outgrown this facility. They moved to their third synagogue on 1719 Marion Street in early 1935. The congregation&#39;s synagogue is now at 5827 North Trenholm Road.</p><br>
<p>The second synagogue on Park Street was then used for the African-American night club called the Big Apple Club. At the club, a dance craze, which was named the Big Apple, was popularized. Students from the University of South Carolina, who paid to watch from a balcony, learned the dance steps. Some of these students took the dance to the Roxy Club in New York in 1937. From there, the dance was briefly popular across the country.</p><br>
<p>After its use as a night club, the building was used by various commercial establishments. At the time of the preparation of the National Register of Historic Places nomination, it was used by a heating and air conditioning company. In the early 1980s, it was moved nearly two blocks to the corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation. It has been restored and is available for rental for special occasions.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Big Apple building is two-story, wooden building with a metal gabled roof. At its Park Street site, it was on a raised brick basement. Built for a congregation that was largely Polish and Russian immigrants, it is an example of Eastern Jewish architecture.</p><br>
<p>The entrance to the building is in a projecting central bay. The door is flanked by wooden pilasters and sidelights under a large arch with stained glass windows. On each side of the arch is a pair of tall narrow, stained glass windows with horseshoe arches. The sides of buildings have five windows with horseshoe arches. Some of have been modified. The sides have pedimented gables with a rondelle.</p><br>
<p>The interior has central recessed dome. When it was the Big Apple Club, the dome had neon lights shaped like the crescent moon and shooting stars. There is a balcony on the front side of the building. This was the spectator&#39;s gallery during operation as the night club.</p><br>
<p>The Arcade is a covered shopping arcade in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, USA. It was built in 1902.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arcade was developed by Daniel Franklin Carter Buntin and constructed by the Edgefield and Nashville Manufacturing Company. It was Nashville&#39;s first shopping center, replacing the former Overton Alley. Located between Fourth and Fifth avenues,</p><br>
<p>The Arcade is at the center of the downtown Nashville Arts District and houses a very vibrant arts community. The Downtown Nashville First Saturday Art Crawl is a monthly event that takes place the first Saturday of every month from 6pm to 9pm. and draws large crowds. All galleries participate in this fun event. There are seventeen galleries in the building including:</p><br>
<p>40AU – 69 Arcade</p><br>
<p>From Nashville With Love & M.Florita Jewelry – 5 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Andy Anh Ha Gallery – 83 Arcade</p><br>
<p>BelArt Studio & Gallery – 56 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Blend Studio – 79 Arcade</p><br>
<p>The COOP – 75 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Craig Brabson Fine Art Photography – 64A Arcade</p><br>
<p>Wolf and Crow Gallery – 44 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Hannah Lane Gallery – 64 Arcade</p><br>
<p>L Gallery – 73 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Nostos Gallery – 58-60 Arcade</p><br>
<p>O Gallery – 42 Arcade</p><br>
<p>OPEN – 57 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Space – 61 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Studio 66 – 66 Arcade</p><br>
<p>UltraViolet Gallery & Photography – 59 Arcade</p><br>
<p>WAG – 77 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Other notable tenants include The Peach Cobbler Factory, The Peanut Shop candy store and the Uptown Branch of the United States Postal Service, featuring an Art Deco facade.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural design</h2><br>
<p>The arcade was designed by Thompson, Gibel, and Asmus. It was modeled after an arcade in Italy. The entrances consist of identical Palladian facades. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 22, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Howe-Waffle House and Medical Museum is an 1889 Queen Anne style home in Santa Ana, California. It was the home of Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle, one of the first female physicians in Orange County, California, until her death in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle was one of the first female physicians in Orange County, California. Her thirty-eight years of practice started in 1886 after she graduated from Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago. Her dedication to her patients lasted until her very last day, as she died by the bed of a patient at the Santa Ana Community Hospital in 1924. She was seventy-four years old.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1889 (the same year Orange County became a county), this Queen Anne style house was the home of Dr. Howe-Waffle until her death in 1924. In the early 1970s, the City of Santa Ana slated the home for demolition in order to widen a road, but concerned area citizens joined forces to preserve the house. Under the leadership of Adeline Walker, Friends of the Howe Waffle House formed. This group later became known as the Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society. The organization worked hard to raise awareness, and in 1974 the City of Santa Ana agreed to pay to move the house if the Society would pay for the foundation and restoration work. Between March 27–29, 1975, the City moved the house to its present location on the corner of Civic Center and Sycamore. The Society worked tirelessly over the years to restore the home to how it would have looked during Dr. Howe-Waffle&#39;s time.</p><br>
<p>The all volunteer Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society continues to run the home today as the Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle House and Medical Museum, and it is open for tours six times a year.</p><br>
<p>The Frances Canyon Ruin is a Navajo pueblito near Blanco in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Built ca. 1716, it reflects economic and social changes taking place among the Navajo of this area during the 18th century. In the previous century the Spanish introduced sheep, fruit, cattle, and horses into the area. This, along with the Navajo&#39;s adaptation of certain pueblo lifeways after the Pueblo Revolt , led to increased settlement size and new trade relations. This site can be contrasted with modern Navajo communities which consist of clusters of hogans, widely dispersed with a trade system based on scattered trading posts and the motor vehicle.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the Navajo pueblitos.</p><br>
<p>The Blackstone Building in Tyler, Texas is an Art Deco building built in 1938. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. Fort Worth architect Preston M. Geren designed the six-story building, which is one of only two Art Deco-style office buildings in the Tyler area. The project was financed by Tyler businessman Edmond P. McKenna and intended to ease the need for office space during the East Texas oil boom. The building housed offices for oil companies, geologists, attorneys, engineers, and more. In addition, the Blackstone was a location for the Union Bus Terminal from 1938 to the 1950s. The Blackstone Hotel next door was imploded in 1985 but the Blackstone Building still stands. It is being used as office space and houses the Tyler Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>The building cost about $100,000. At one time it hosted about 15 oil industry-related businesses.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Tyler contractor Hugh E. White. White is also built one of few International Style buildings in Tyler, the Elks Club Building (1949), which is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>The Northford Center Historic District encompasses the historic village area of Northford in northern North Branford, Connecticut. The basically linear district extends along Middletown Avenue from the village center at its southern end, to a point beyond its northern junction with Old Post Road. The area was settled in the early 18th century, and was transformed into a rural industrial village in the 19th century by the locally prominent Maltby and Fowler families. The district includes many fine pre-Civil-War houses , two churches , and a schoolhouse . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Northford was originally part of the New Haven Colony in the 17th century, and was settled in the early 18th century as part of Branford. It became part of North Branford when that town was incorporated in 1831. It was at first a rural outpost of Branford, which was granted a separate Congregational parish in 1745. The village center of Northford, now at the southern junction of Middletown Avenue and Old Post Road, grew around the colonial meeting house that was erected soon afterward. It served primarily the local farming community, and also travelers along the post road; one of the oldest surviving buildings in the district is a tavern built in 1776.</p><br>
<p>The village was transformed in the 19th century into a small industrial center, whose major early industry was the manufacture of pins, screws, and other fasteners. These industrial efforts were largely run by members of the interrelated Maltby and Fowler families. As a result, the district is architecturally diverse, with buildings dating from the 18th to the early 20th century. Most of the buildings were built before the American Civil War, although there are a few residences, including several fine ones, built later by the industrial leaders.</p><br>
<p>Madison Green is the town green of the New England town of Madison, Connecticut. The green is the centerpiece of the Madison Green Historic District, and is located just west of the commercial strip of Madison on United States Route 1. The green is bounded on the south by US 1, Meeting House Lane on the east and north, and Copse Road on the west. Surrounding the green are several buildings, most prominent being the First Congregational Church . Other buildings around the green include Memorial Hall , a community meeting building , Academy Elementary School , and Lee Academy , as well as many historic houses.</p><br>
<p>In the southeast corner are three war memorials. They include a large boulder with a bronze plaque honoring veterans who fought in World War One, a large grey cut stone with a bronze plaque remembering those who fought in World War Two, Korea and Vietnam, and a smaller boulder with a bronze plaque remembering the Revolutionary War. A flagpole is located in the center. Across the Boston Post Road is a row of 18th- and 19th-century houses. The oldest house in Madison, the Deacon John Grave House (1681), is just east of the green.</p><br>
<p>The green was established in 1705, when the area became the site of a meeting house for the newly authorized East Guilford parish (the area then being part of Guilford). From this beginning it grew as a village center, which became the town center when Madison was incorporated in 1826. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and includes the green and</p><br>
<p>The East Haven Green is the town green of the New England town of East Haven, Connecticut. It is bounded by River Street, Hemingway Avenue, Main Street, and Park Place and is the focal point of the East Haven Green Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This area is also part of the commercial business district of the town and contains many two- and three-story brick office buildings that have been constructed within the last ten or fifteen years. Farther to the northwest are a shopping center and high-rise apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>On the other corner of Hemingway Avenue are two older, wood-frame houses. One is a late 17th-century two-story house that has been converted to offices. Other wood-frame houses can also be found along the Main Street and Park Place sides of the green, most of them dating to the late 19th or early 20th centuries. Along Park Place are two houses built in the 18th century with a more modern Episcopal church (Christ and The Epiphany Church, built in 1964) located between the two. The other houses on the block were built around the turn of the century. To the south of the green is River Street, a two-lane street, and the Eastlawn Cemetery and The Old Cemetery. Part of The Old Cemetery is enclosed by an iron fence with a large stone gateway.</p><br>
<p>On the green itself, there are two concrete paths lined with lamp posts that cross diagonally. In the center of the green is a hexagonal bandstand and a Revolutionary War cannon. It and other monuments honor war veterans including World War I, World War II, Korean and Vietnam. Another monument at the northeast corner of the green honors General Lafayette also known as Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, and his troops that camped on the Green when they were in East Haven during the Revolutionary War. It is said that the General visited the 18th century colonial house on Main Street during his stay on the Green.</p><br>
<p>At the northwest corner of the green, facing the commercial section, are three stone memorials. One is a monument erected by the American Legion dedicated to war veterans. This monument and the two flagpoles flanking it are spotlighted. Behind and to each side of the American Legion monument are monuments dedicated to soldiers who fought in World War I, and to East Haven men who died in World War II.</p><br>
<p>The town cemetery located south of the Green is also included in the East Haven Green Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The historic building now operated as the restaurant Jakes Chaparral had a number of prior uses including Kanab Lodge, Parry Cafeteria, Utah Parks Building and Wok Inn restaurant in Kanab, Utah, USA. The original section of the lodge is a house built in 1885, which was expanded between 1928 and 1932 by the Utah Parks Company to serve as a rest stop for tourists about halfway between the north rim of the Grand Canyon and Zion or Bryce Canyon National Parks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house was probably built for Frank and Lovinnia Farnsworth. The house passed through several owners, ending with Lewis and Vinnie Farnsworth Jepson in 1904. Vinnie was the daughter of Frank and Lovinnia Farnsworth. The Jepsons finished the upstairs of the 1½ story house, installing a wooden bathtub that was stated to be one of only two built-in bathtubs in Kanab at the time. The Jepsons probably added to the rear of the property at the same time. They sold the house in 1925 to the Hiway Tourist Park and Company, a local tour bus operation owned by brothers Gronway Parry, Caleb Parry and Chauncey Parry. The Parrys worked with William W. Wylie, a pioneer of tourism in Yellowstone National Park, to provide tour services in Grand Canyon&#39;s north rim, Zion, Bryce and Cedar Breaks National Monument. The Parrys converted the Jepson house for use as the Parry Cafeteria in 1925. The Parry brothers later established the Parry Lodge, which is still in operation today, at the corner of Center Street and 100 East, where they remodeled a frame house, and built several cottage-type motel units.</p><br>
<p>The Utah Parks Company was set up by the Union Pacific Railroad to provide tourist services at the southern Utah parks. Under pressure from Union Pacific, the Parry brothers sold the cafeteria transportation company to Union Pacific in 1927, retaining some of the bus routes. Chauncey Parry became superintendent of the bus line. The railroad started a major expansion of the lodge, concluding in 1932 with a lobby, dining room and kitchen as well as toilets and a souvenir shop. The restaurant served only lunch, and only for bus tour patrons: it was not open to the general public. A 1938 laundry addition served as a central laundry for all of its park operations in the area.</p><br>
<p>As tourists increasingly arrived in their own cars, the bus business declined. The restaurant and curio shop closed in 1960, the laundry continuing until 1967. Vacant from 1967 to 1973, the property was acquired by Stan Clark who renovated the restaurant and converted the laundry to a theater, calling the operation The Old West Company, and continuing to 1978. In 1980 a partnership bought the property and opened the Territorial Inn Restaurant, which operated until 1987, when it became the Wok Inn restaurant. The restaurant known as began operating at this location in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original house is a 1½ story brick house on a sandstone foundation. A series of additions extend to the south, far exceeding the house in size. In order, the expansions include a lobby attached to the original house, a two-story dining room backed by the kitchen, and an overflow dining room. To the west from the kitchen and overflow, a storage area links to the former theater/laundry, now a dance hall. The semi-enclosed interior courtyard formed by the complex is finished as a faux-Western streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The Kanab Lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Stone Arabia School, also known now as Stone Arabia Schoolhouse Museum, was built in 1854 in Cicero, New York. It is significant as "an outstanding example of a mid-nineteenth century modest Greek Revival style one-room schoolhouse". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It is operated by a local history group, the Cicero Historical Society, and is open on weekends during the summer. Also included at the site is a historic log cabin.</p><br>
<p>It is located on New York State Route 31 just east of South Bay Road which runs from Syracuse to Oneida Lake.</p><br>
<p>Douglaston Historic District is a national historic district in Douglaston, Queens, New York. It includes 631 contributing buildings and three contributing sites on a mile-long peninsula extending into Little Neck Bay. All but one of the buildings are in residential use and the majority were built in the early- to mid-20th century as a planned suburban community known as Douglas Manor. In the early 20th century, the Rickert-Finlay Realty Company of Manhattan purchased 175 acre of the Douglas&#39; family holdings, and formed the Douglas Manor Association, creating a planned community. Many of the houses in this area were built in architectural styles popular at the time, such as Tudor, Mediterranean, Colonial Revival, and Arts and Crafts. Located within the district are the separately listed Cornelius Van Wyck House  and Allen-Beville House . Another notable early building is the Van Zandt manor house , which is now the Douglaston Club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. In 1997, New York Citys Landmarks Preservation Commission designated Douglas Manor as the Douglaston Historic District, ensuring that no new buildings or external alterations could be made without the commissions approval.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion Historic District, sometimes referred to as Mansion Hill, is located south of Empire State Plaza in Albany, New York, United States. It takes its name from the nearby New York State Executive Mansion, which overlooks it. It is a 45 acre, 16-block area with almost 500 buildings. Many of them are rowhouses and townhouses built in the middle and late 19th century that remain mostly intact today.</p><br>
<p>It was first developed in the early 19th century as a small group of estates for wealthy citizens. Later it was subdivided, becoming the first home for several waves of immigrant groups, most notably Italian Americans. In the mid-20th century it began to decline when the construction of Empire State Plaza cut it off from downtown and adversely impacted the neighborhood. A local neighborhood association was formed during this period and has been credited with helping the Mansion neighborhood recover and become a desirable place to live in the early 21st century. In 1982 it was designated a historic district by the city&#39;s Historic Resources Commission and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Mansion district is built on land that rises 100 feet (30 m) on its west from the flatlands along the Hudson River to its east, where the adjacent Pastures district is located. The South Mall Expressway, carrying traffic from the Dunn Memorial Bridge to Empire State Plaza separates the district from the Times Union Center and downtown to its north and northeast.</p><br>
<p>Erastus Corning Tower and the other modernist high-rises of Empire State Plaza loom over the district from the northwest. Along its west is a strip of land that includes the governors mansion, Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception and the New York State Library. Lincoln Park is located to the southwest, and on the south the citys South End, with a greater mix of industrial and commercial properties, begins.</p><br>
<p>As to the district&#39;s actual boundaries, South Pearl Street (NY 32) on the east is the only side where the line follows a street for most of that direction. The north side is delineated on the corners by Madison Avenue (US 20) but there the boundary includes most of Van Zandt Street and most of the south side of Hamilton before returning to Madison along Philip Street and the rear lot lines of the properties at the Van Zandt corner. It goes west to Eagle Street via Madison and excludes the building across from the cathedral.</p><br>
<p>It follows Eagle&#39;s east side down to the corner of Park Avenue, then the middle of that street to include the houses on its south side and some of those on Philip south of it. It follows property lines to Charles Street, leaving out the large commercial property on Park between Philip and Grand. On that street it goes north for a few lots then crosses the block between Grand and Trinity Place just north of a large old factory. At that street it goes south a few lots, then returns to South Pearl after excluding another industrial property.</p><br>
<p>Charles, Elm, Myrtle and Wilbur streets are included in their entirety, as are Ash Grove, Bleecker and Madison places.</p><br>
<p>The district thus bounded contains 475 buildings, only 20 of which are non-contributing. Most are two- or three-story rowhouses. A few larger, similar commercial buildings are scattered throughout the district, and there are two churches. Development is dense and urban in character, with a few vacant lots.</p><br>
<p>Open space is provided by three parks, all along Philip Street, with two large ones across the street from each other between Elm and Myrtle streets. The western one has a basketball court.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There were mansions in the Mansion District before the governors mansion was built. In its earliest days of settlement, it was known as Albanys first suburban enclave, an area where the affluent built large homes and surrounded them with gardens and landscaping. Large-scale development did not begin there until the mid-19th century, after other areas of the city had been built out.</p><br>
<p>Italians, the last of several immigrant groups to make Mansion their first home in Albany, became identified with it after a huge influx in the late 19th century. The 20th century saw the neighborhood victimized by decline and urban renewal, but begin to recover in the later years.</p><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>At the time of Albany&#39;s settlement in the 17th century, the city was concentrated in a stockaded area roughly equivalent to its present downtown. The area of the future Mansion neighborhood was across a deep ravine from it (since filled in) and thus did not attract much settlement. The first recorded settler in the area was a farmer named Hendri Hallenbake. When he died in 1766, his family subdivided the area and sold the lots to wealthy Albanyites who built large houses for themselves.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolution, one of those new residents was Peter W. Yates, a successful local lawyer and militia colonel during the war. He was known to have been living there in 1791, in a house at what is now the intersection of Ashgrove and Trinity places. In 1807, three years before he left Albany for Montgomery County, he sold the house to James Kane.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Kane, a successful merchant who had made his fortune in trade in the Mohawk Valley to the west, would become the landowner who made the most impact on the future neighborhood despite a relatively short tenure in it. In a series of purchases, he expanded the estate to include most of the present district, excepting the sections north of Madison Avenue and west of Grand Street, as well as land as far south as Arch Street. He gained fame statewide for his hospitality. After he lost his fortune in the Panic of 1819, the estate was seized by his creditors.</p><br>
<p>Outside his land, the first development took place. A Federal style house was built at 146 Madison Avenue in 1828, the oldest extant house in the district today. Nearby, 143 Madison went up five years later. It, too, is a Federal building, but with some exterior alterations from the later 19th century. After the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 sparked economic growth, new residential land was sought. While most of it would come north and west of downtown, Trinity Place was opened (as Broad Street) in 1836. The first rowhouses in the future Mansion Historic District, 16–24 and 39–45a Trinity, were built in 1839–40 along with 2 Ashgrove Street nearby. David Orr, one of the wealthiest men in Albany, built the row at 57-65 Grand around the same time, the last houses in the district built in High Greek Revival style. This marks the beginning of the Mansion neighborhood as it is known today.</p><br>
<p>Archibald McIntyre and Henry Yates bought the Kane estate in 1834. It was used as a temporary governors mansion by William H. Seward, and possibly others. Yates spent his later years in the house, selling off the portion north of Ashgrove and Westerlo streets around the same time the rowhouses were being built on Trinity. When Yates died in 1854, the house became the Albany Female Academy. Eleven years later, the academy moved to its current quarters and Kanes estate was demolished to make way for a church.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the early 1840s, there was little new construction due to the economic slowdown in the wake of the Panic of 1837, other than a small row on Hamilton Street. When construction resumed in the late 1840s, there would be a new row on Bleecker, and individual rowhouses all over the district.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion District took off in the 1850s. The citys economy was booming due to the canal, the railroads and the industrialization taking place. The new workers, many of them Irish immigrants, coming to the city needed houses, and the Pastures had mostly been built out. Developers therefore looked to the emptier lands to the west. Orr developed houses on Madison, Myrtle and Park as well as Grand Street. He was joined by Charles and Lewis Seymour, stonemasons who built the row at 44–50 Grand and possibly several others. Lewis Seymours slightly unusual frame house still stands at 14 Wilbur Street.</p><br>
<p>Another major builder of the Mansion District was James Eaton, superintendent of building at the New York State Capitol for some time during this period. He brought some newer architectural styles to the district, such as the Italianate row at 46–68 Elm Street, with slightly gabled projecting pavilions on each building giving the impression of a separate tower, more typical of detached Italianate villas of the time. He also built the Gothic Revival 78–92 Grand Street, with a roof finial dividing its symmetrical combined facades.</p><br>
<p>During this era the district became home to a large population of German immigrants, many of them Jews fleeing the collapse of the Revolution of 1848. They developed South Pearl into a local retail center.</p><br>
<h3>20th and 21st centuries</h3><br>
<p>By 1876 the district was almost entirely built out, with the exception of some areas along Madison. The neighborhood continued to prosper in the last decades of the century, with the help of another immigrant community that would shape it. Italians began moving in. They built the Italian Renaissance Revival St. Anthonys Church at Grand and Madison in 1908, and at the next census two years later they had become the fourth largest ethnic group in the city of Albany. Ten years later, they were the largest, and had displaced the Irish from Park and Myrtle avenues. The Mansion became known as the citys "Garlic Core" due to this concentration of Italians.</p><br>
<p>It retained this character well into the century. "Madison below South Pearl, as late as 1941," William Kennedy wrote in O Albany!, "could be taken for a street in Italy" due to the many Italian names on businesses along that street. One of those, Lombardos, has remained on Madison since 1933 and become one of the Capital Districts best-regarded Italian restaurants.</p><br>
<p>The development of Empire State Plaza had a major negative impact on the Mansion District. Adjacent neighborhoods were razed, and it was cut off from downtown by not only the plaza but the South Mall Arterial. Many residents left the area for the suburbs due to the impact of the construction. The diocese of Albany closed St. Anthony&#39;s due to a lack of parishioners in 1973. Urban blight began to appear, and housing prices dropped as low as $5,000.</p><br>
<p>Some new residents decided to buy at those prices. In 1975, two of them founded the Mansion Neighborhood Association (MNA) to advocate for the community and oppose demolition plans. The organization persisted, and has been credited with helping the neighborhood rebound in the early 21st century (although some residents complain that neglect continues in some areas, and arson destroyed several houses on Madison Place in 2007) The Albany Free School, a democratic school founded on Elm Street in 1969, also became one of its key institutions.</p><br>
<p>Houses in the area sell well due to their walkable proximity to the Plaza and downtown, and newer arrivals praise the neighborhoods sense of community. One new resident, Eliot Spitzer, invited Mansion residents in for a house party in 2007, a few months after he moved into the governors mansion. In the late 2000s, another community group bought St. Anthonys from the diocese, restored it and converted it into a cultural center. Like the citys other historic districts, new construction or expansion within the Mansion district is reviewed by the city&#39;s Historic Resources Commission (HRC), a group of nine citizens with an interest in architecture, history or historic preservation appointed by the mayor. The HRC also considers new city landmark designations.</p><br>
<p>The Greek Orthodox Church of St. George in Des Moines, Iowa is a parish of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America located in the Drake Neighborhood near Drake University. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1997, as part of the architectural legacy of Proudfoot and Bird in Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church building was originally built as Elmwood United Presbyterian Church in 1906 in a Neoclassical architectural style. The Elmwood congregation included the family of Henry Cantwell Wallace, editor of Wallaces&#39; Farmer and United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1921 to 1924. His son, Henry A. Wallace who would become Vice-President of the United States, was married in this church in 1914. In 1926, the Elmwood congregation merged with another Presbyterian church and sold the building to a Baptist church. The Baptists were unable to attract a congregation in the neighborhood and disbanded in 1930, returning the building to the merged Presbyterian congregation.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, the Greek community in Des Moines and central Iowa formed a kinotis, or Greek society. In 1928, the immigrants organized a Greek Orthodox parish named for St. George the Great Martyr, which held services with visiting priests on an irregular basis in rented spaces. In 1929, the parish fought USA immigration authorities to bring Fr. Meletios Kestekides from Greece to be its first regular priest.</p><br>
<p>In late 1930, the parish purchased the former Elmwood United Presbyterian Church building and immediately converted it into an Orthodox church by erecting an iconostasis in front of the altar. The parish held its first Divine Liturgy in the building on Christmas Day, 1930. Orthodox icons have been added to the interior over time, but the building retains many artifacts of the original Presbyterian congregation such as the stained glass windows. These windows preserve the names of their original donors.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 the parish hall was built adjacent to the church. On November 4, 1997, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I, visited St. George Parish. In 2005, the parish received its first Iowa-born priest, Fr. Basil Hickman, a native of Mason City, Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The parish currently lists 190 member families, consisting of families from traditionally Orthodox ethnic groups and converts to Orthodoxy from other ethnic backgrounds. Cultural events and educational programs sponsored by the parish include the Greek School for Children, a youth Sunday School program, active chapters of Greek Orthodox Youth of America (GOYA) and Junior Orthodox Youth (JOY), an adult Greek School, a monthly Adult Synaxis (the parish adult education program), a womens Bible study program, and an annual Greek Food Fair held during the first weekend in June. Most educational programs are open to the public, as are all services. The parish has an active Ladies Philoptochos Society for charitable work. Members of the parish are also active in the Order of AHEPA and the Daughters of Penelope.</p><br>
<p>The Orange Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Orange, Connecticut. Centered on the town green at the junction of Meetinghouse Lane and Orange Center Road, it has retained its character as a 19th-century agrarian town center despite significant 20th-century suburbanization around it. Originally established as a local historic district in 1978, it listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Orange was originally part of Milford, and was first settled in the late 17th century. It grew as a collection of dispersed farm properties through the 18th century, and in 1791 a common area, part of which survives as the town green, was set aside. A Congregational parish was authorized in 1804, prompting the construction of the present church. The town was separate incorporated in 1822. Growth of the town center was modest, because it was bypassed by major transportation routes.</p><br>
<p>The Orange Congregational Church, designed by David Hoadley and built in 1810 on the town green, is a centerpiece of the district. This Federal style church features a Palladian window, domed belfry and a painted black oval "window" on the front tower. The district also includes the Stone-Otis House (Federal with Greek revival portico), built circa 1830 (now a museum) and The Academy, a schoolhouse built in 1878 with stick style elements, including an elaborate gable screen, also now a museum.</p><br>
<p>The William Andrew House, also known as the Richard Bryan House or the Bryan-Andrew House, is a historic house museum at 131 Old Tavern Road in Orange, Connecticut. Built either about 1750 or 1775, it is a well-preserved local example of Georgian colonial residential architecture, and is Orange&#39;s oldest surviving building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is now a house museum operated by the local historical society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William Andrew House is located in southern Orange, on the north side of Old Tavern Road near its crossing of the Indian River. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It includes a finely detailed front cornice, feather-edged sheathing, and hand-split lath laboriously installed without nails. The main facade is five bays wide, with a central entrance topped by a multilight transom window. The interior retains original period finishes, and exposes hand-hewn framing and finish elements. Leanto sections extend the house to the rear.</p><br>
<p>According to one source, the house was built about 1750 for the Bryan family, early settlers in North Milford. Another claims it was more likely built about 1775 for William Andrew, with earlier dates confusing this house for an older one that is no longer standing. The house later served as housing for dairy farm employees and was ultimately bought by the Town of Orange in 2000 to be restored for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Bill Boyhood Home was built by Isaac Cody, the father of Buffalo Bill Cody in 1841 at LeClaire, Iowa. The house was purchased as a tourist attraction by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and was moved to Cody, Wyoming, Buffalo Bill&#39;s adopted hometown, in 1933.</p><br>
<p>The house was placed at the Chicago, Burlington and Quincys Cody station to provide an attraction for tourists stopping in Cody on their way to or from Yellowstone National Park. Of necessity, groups had to spend the night at Cody, in the railroads Burlington Inn next to the station, about two miles from town. The house was meant to provide the travelers with a diversion that would not require a trip into town. By 1947 the rail tour business was declining and the Burlington Inn was to be demolished. The Cody House was given to the Buffalo Bill Memorial Association and moved to its final location at the Buffalo Bill Museum in Cody. The house was again moved in 1969 when the museum moved into the Buffalo Bill Historical Center across the street from the old museum. The house is the oldest structure in the town of Cody, and may be the oldest building in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The two-story frame house has two rooms downstairs and two upstairs. A lean-to kitchen addition to the rear did not make the journey from Iowa to Wyoming. The house is constructed of sawn lumber with larger hand-hewn timbers.</p><br>
<p>The Cody House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Buffalo Bill – The Scout is a bronze statue of a mounted rider outside the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, United States, that was placed in 1924 to commemorate the towns most famous resident and de facto founder, Buffalo Bill Cody. Originally in open land on the western outskirts of Cody, the statue now stands at the end of Sheridan Avenue, which became the towns main thoroughfare as Cody grew to the west. The project was initiated by Buffalo Bill Cody&#39;s niece, Mary Jester Allen, who had established the basis of what would become the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. A New Yorker, she persuaded heiress and artist Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney to sculpt the piece.</p><br>
<p>Despite the offer of two existing sites in Cody, Vanderbilt selected and bought the final Cody site. Her first efforts attracted criticism for the type of horse, its pose, and its tack, all of which were regarded as too "eastern." She then arranged for a horse named "Smokey" from Cody&#39;s TE Ranch to be shipped to New York, along with a cowboy from Cody to pose in the saddle. The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1924 in the presence of an unusual number of dignitaries for such a remote location. It stands on a large stone base, meant to represent nearby Cedar Mountain, which Cody chose as his gravesite. The base is a consciously ironic statement, since Cody was buried, against his wishes, at Lookout Mountain in Colorado.</p><br>
<p>In time, Sheridan Avenue was extended to the statue and loops around the site. The Buffalo Bill Historical Center is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>Vanderbilt funded most of the estimated $50,000 cost for the memorial out of her own pocket. She would go on to establish the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1931. Her son, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney would fund the establishment of the Whitney Museum of Western Art at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center.</p><br>
<p>The statue&#39;s full title is Buffalo Bill – The Scout. The statue was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Dunlap Square Building is a historic commercial block in Marinette, Wisconsin, United States, and is registered on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a 2-story commercial block designed in Queen Anne style, with a granite foundation, walls of rustic red brick, a brick cornice on some walls, a pressed metal cornice on other walls. Some corners sport brick oriels - one topped with an onion dome. The floor plan is triangular, filling a block of the same shape. Inside, a fine dark oak staircase leads to the second story. On that level the halls have wooden wainscoting and wood paneling over plaster walls. Older rooms have plaster walls and pressed metal ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Before this building was constructed, the triangular block hosted a combination of smaller wood and brick buildings. Around 1890 some of them were razed to make way for the back end of the current building. Gradually more old buildings were cleared and the building was completed in 1902. The oldest part of the block housed a dry goods store and saloon, with offices above. Over the years, a telephone exchange was added, attorneys offices, a dress shop and a news agency. The saloon became a soda fountain during Prohibition. Part of the block housed a cafe and restaurant from 1937 into the 70s.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination declares this block "the finest Queen Anne building in Marinette&#39;s downtown."</p><br>
